ASTM's glass and ceramic standards are instrumental in specifying, testing, and evaluating the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of various materials and products made of glass, ceramic, or clay. These materials are fabricated for a variety of purposes including arts and aesthetics, foodware, whiteware, flooring and tiles, and other industrial applications. These glass and ceramic standards help materials science laboratories, material processing companies, product manufacturers, and other users of such materials and products in their proper fabrication and treatment procedures to ensure good quality and workmanship towards safe utilization.
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Applications
C1323-22 Standard Test Method for Ultimate Strength of Advanced Ceramics with Diametrally Compressed C-Ring Specimens at Ambient Temperature
C1624-22 Standard Test Method for Adhesion Strength and Mechanical Failure Modes of Ceramic Coatings by Quantitative Single Point Scratch Testing
C1674-23 Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics with Engineered Porosity (Honeycomb Cellular Channels) at Ambient Temperatures
Ceramic Matrix Composites
D3379-75(1989)e1 Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Young's Modulus for High-Modulus Single-Filament Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
C1773-21 Standard Test Method for Monotonic Axial Tensile Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Tubular Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature
C1819-21 Standard Test Method for Hoop Tensile Strength of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Composite Tubular Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature Using Elastomeric Inserts
C1337-17 Standard Test Method for Creep and Creep Rupture of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics Under Tensile Loading at Elevated Temperatures
C1360-17 Standard Practice for Constant-Amplitude, Axial, Tension-Tension Cyclic Fatigue of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
C1899-21 Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Tubular Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature
C1275-18 Standard Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Behavior of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular Cross-Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature
C1863-18 Standard Test Method for Hoop Tensile Strength of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Composite Tubular Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature Using Direct Pressurization
C1358-18 Standard Test Method for Monotonic Compressive Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics with Solid Rectangular Cross Section Test Specimens at Ambient Temperatures
C1359-18e1 Standard Test Method for Monotonic Tensile Strength Testing of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics With Solid Rectangular Cross Section Test Specimens at Elevated Temperatures
C1425-19 Standard Test Method for Interlaminar Shear Strength of 1D and 2D Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
C1468-19a Standard Test Method for Transthickness Tensile Strength of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1557-20 Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength and Young's Modulus of Fibers
C1292-22 Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
C1469-22 Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Joints of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1341-13(2023) Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Composites
C1836-16(2023) Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures
C1835-16(2023) Standard Classification for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide (SiC-SiC) Composite Structures
C1869-18(2023) Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Composites
C1783-15(2024) Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
C1793-15(2024) Standard Guide for Development of Specifications for Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide-Silicon Carbide Composite Structures for Nuclear Applications
C1940-24e1 Standard Test Method for Critical Mode I Interlaminar Strain Energy Release Rate (GIc) of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
Ceramic Tile
C501-21 Standard Test Method for Relative Resistance to Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber Abraser
C502-16 Standard Test Method for Wedging of Flat, Rectangular Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile
C1027-19 Standard Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
C895-87(2019) Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile
C484-20 Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
C648-20 Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile
C482-20 Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste
C1028-07e1 Standard Test Method for Determining the Static Coefficient of Friction of Ceramic Tile and Other Like Surfaces by the Horizontal Dynamometer Pull-Meter Method (Withdrawn 2014)
C1378-20 Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance to Staining
C650-20 Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance to Chemical Substances
C1895-20 Standard Test Method for Determination of Mohs Scratch Hardness
C499-20 Standard Test Method for Facial Dimensions and Thickness of Flat, Rectangular Ceramic Wall and Floor Tile
C483-95(2000) Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Conductive Ceramic Tile (Withdrawn 2004)
C1505-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Determination of Breaking Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Ceramic Tiles and Glass Tiles by Three-Point Loading
C609-23 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Light Reflectance Value and Small Color Differences Between Pieces of Ceramic Tile
C1026-23 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Resistance of Ceramic and Glass Tile to Freeze-Thaw Cycling
C1243-23 Standard Test Method for Relative Resistance to Deep Abrasive Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile by Rotating Disc
C485-24 Standard Test Method for Measuring Warpage of Ceramic Tile
C1943-24 Standard Test Method for Grout Retention Properties of Ceramic Tile
C1942-24 Standard Practice for Evaluation of Low Angle Light Characteristics
C627-18(2024) Standard Test Method for Evaluating Ceramic Floor Tile Installation Systems Using the Robinson-Type Floor Tester
C1870-18(2024) Standard Test Method for Determination of Impact Diameter from Falling Ball on Ceramic Tile
Chemical Properties and Analysis
C146-21 Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Glass Sand
C429-21 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials for Glass Manufacture
C169-16(2022) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda-Lime and Borosilicate Glass
C912-17(2022) Standard Practice for Designing a Process for Cleaning Technical Glasses
C225-85(2022) Standard Test Methods for Resistance of Glass Containers to Chemical Attack
C813-20(2024) Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Contamination on Glass by Contact Angle Measurement
Editorial and Terminology
F109-21 Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
C242-21 Standard Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
Flat Glass
C1908-21 Standard Test Method for Pummel Adhesion Testing of Two-ply Laminated Architectural Glass
C1900-20 Standard Practice for Weathering and Evaluation of Laminated Glass
C1422/C1422M-20a Standard Specification for Chemically Strengthened Flat Glass
C1036-21 Standard Specification for Flat Glass
C1914-21 Standard Test Method for Bake and Boil Testing of Laminated Glass
C1048-18 Standard Specification for Heat-Strengthened and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
C1172-19 Standard Specification for Laminated Architectural Flat Glass
C1377-97(2009) Standard Test Method for Calibration of Surface/Stress Measuring Devices (Withdrawn 2014)
C1443-99(2016) Standard Specification for Glasses, Portlight, Circular, Fully Tempered (Withdrawn 2021)
C1901-21e2 Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation in Flat Architectural Glass
C1376-21a Standard Specification for Pyrolytic and Vacuum Deposition Coatings on Flat Glass
C1464-21 Standard Specification for Bent Glass
C1279-23 Standard Test Method for Non-Destructive Photoelastic Measurement of Edge and Surface Stresses in Annealed, Heat-Strengthened, and Fully Tempered Flat Glass
C1503-24 Standard Specification for Silvered Flat Glass Mirror
C1349-17(2024) Standard Specification for Architectural Flat Glass Clad Polycarbonate
Glass Containers
C147-86(2020) Standard Test Methods for Internal Pressure Strength of Glass Containers
C149-14(2020) Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers
C224-78(2020) Standard Practice for Sampling Glass Containers
C148-17(2022) Standard Test Methods for Polariscopic Examination of Glass Containers
Glass Decoration
C777-04(2019) Standard Test Method for Sulfide Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Glass
C676-04(2019) Standard Test Method for Detergent Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Glass Tableware
C978-04(2019) Standard Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Residual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using a Polarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compensation Procedures
C927-80(2019)e1 Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic Glass Enamels
C1203-04(2019) Standard Test Method for Quantitative Determination of Alkali Resistance of a Ceramic-Glass Enamel
C724-91(2020) Standard Test Method for Acid Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Architectural-Type Glass
C824-91(2020) Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation for Determination of Linear Thermal Expansion of Vitreous Glass Enamels and Glass Enamel Frits by Dilatometer Method
C675-91(2022) Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Returnable Beverage Glass Containers
C735-04(2024) Standard Test Method for Acid Resistance of Ceramic Decorations on Returnable Beer and Beverage Glass Containers
Mechanical Properties and Performance
C1525-18 Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermal Shock Resistance for Advanced Ceramics by Water Quenching
C1366-19 Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
C1499-19 Standard Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1834-16 Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing (Stress Rupture) at Elevated Temperatures
C1576-05(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Flexural Testing (Stress Rupture) at Ambient Temperature
C1862-17 Standard Test Method for the Nominal Joint Strength of End-Plug Joints in Advanced Ceramic Tubes at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures
C1259-21 Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
C1368-18 Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress Rate Strength Testing at Ambient Temperature
C1421-18 Standard Test Methods for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1291-18 Standard Test Method for Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Strain, Creep Strain Rate, and Creep Time to Failure for Monolithic Advanced Ceramics
C1239-13(2018) Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Ceramics
C1361-10(2019) Standard Practice for Constant-Amplitude, Axial, Tension-Tension Cyclic Fatigue of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
C1327-15(2019) Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
C1683-10(2019) Standard Practice for Size Scaling of Tensile Strengths Using Weibull Statistics for Advanced Ceramics
C1424-15(2019) Standard Test Method for Monotonic Compressive Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1465-08(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate Flexural Testing at Elevated Temperatures
C1198-20 Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Sonic Resonance
C1322-15(2019) Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
C1495-16(2023) Standard Test Method for Effect of Surface Grinding on Flexure Strength of Advanced Ceramics
C1211-18(2023) Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
C1326-13(2023) Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics
C1684-18(2023) Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature—Cylindrical Rod Strength
C1161-18(2023) Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1273-18(2024) Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
Methods for Whitewares and Environmental Concerns
C1035-85(1995) Standard Specification for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Cookware (Withdrawn 2001)
C1034-85(1995) Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted From Glazed Ceramic Cookware (Withdrawn 2001)
D1829-90(1999) Standard Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Ceramic Materials at Elevated Temperatures (Withdrawn 2001)
D2757-86(1999) Standard Specification for Impervious Steatite Ceramics for Electrical and Electronic Applications (Withdrawn 2001)
F77-69(1996) Test Method for Apparent Density of Ceramics for Electron Device and Semiconductor Application (Withdrawn 2001)
F394-78(1996) Test Method for Biaxial Flexure Strength (Modulus of Rupture) of Ceramic Substrates (Withdrawn 2001)
F417-78(1996) Test Method for Flexural Strength (Modulus of Rupture) of Electronic-Grade Ceramics (Withdrawn 2001)
F356-75(1996) Specification for Beryllia Ceramics for Electronic and Electrical Applications (Withdrawn 2001)
F865-84(1996) Test Methods for Gross Camber of Ceramic Substrates for Thick Film Applications (Withdrawn 2001)
C1605-04(2014) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Materials Using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Withdrawn 2023)
C584-81(2016) Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss of Glazed Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
C408-88(2020) Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Whiteware Ceramics
C556-16(2020) Standard Test Method for Resistance of Overglaze Decorations to Attack by Detergents
C1300-95(2020) Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Glaze Frits and Ceramic Whiteware Materials by Interferometric Method
C849-88(2020) Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Ceramic Whitewares
C1545-02(2020) Standard Practice for Dispersing Pigments and Other Materials Into Water-Based Suspensions With High Intensity Mixer
C1466-00(2020) Standard Test Method for Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead and Cadmium Extracted From Ceramic Foodware
C848-88(2020) Standard Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio For Ceramic Whitewares by Resonance
C773-88(2020) Standard Test Method for Compressive (Crushing) Strength of Fired Whiteware Materials
D2442-75(2020) Standard Specification for Alumina Ceramics for Electrical and Electronic Applications
C1510-01(2020) Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
D116-86(2020) Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials for Electrical Applications
C1607-12(2020) Standard Test Method for Determination of “Microwave Safe for Reheating” for Ceramicware
C738-94(2020) Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Surfaces
C949-80(2020) Standard Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by Dye Penetration
C674-13(2023) Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Ceramic Whiteware Materials
C1023-10(2023) Standard Practice for Labeling Ceramic Art Materials for Chronic Adverse Health Hazards
C1606-10(2023) Standard Test Method for Sampling Protocol for TCLP Testing of Container Glassware
C373-18(2023) Standard Test Methods for Determination of Water Absorption and Associated Properties by Vacuum Method for Pressed Ceramic Tiles and Glass Tiles and Boil Method for Extruded Ceramic Tiles and Non-tile Fired Ceramic Whiteware Products
C329-88(2024) Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Fired Ceramic Whiteware Materials
C368-88(2024) Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Ceramic Tableware
C370-12(2024) Standard Test Method for Moisture Expansion of Fired Whiteware Products
C372-94(2024) Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Porcelain Enamel and Glaze Frits and Fired Ceramic Whiteware Products by Dilatometer Method
C424-93(2024) Standard Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Whitewares by Autoclave Treatment
C554-93(2024) Standard Test Method for Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares by a Thermal Shock Method
Nomenclature and Definitions
C162-23 Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Nomenclature and Editorial
C1145-19 Standard Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C1286-94 Standard Classification for Advanced Ceramics (Withdrawn 2002)
Optical Properties
C1649-14(2021) Standard Practice for Instrumental Transmittance Measurement of Color for Flat Glass, Coated and Uncoated
C1650-14(2021) Standard Practice for Instrumental Reflectance Measurement of Color for Flat Glass, Coated, and Uncoated
C1651-11(2018) Standard Test Method for Measurement of Roll Wave Optical Distortion in Heat-Treated Flat Glass
C1652/C1652M-21 Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Distortion in Flat Glass Products Using Digital Photography of Grids
C1648-12(2023) Standard Guide for Choosing a Method for Determining the Index of Refraction and Dispersion of Glass
Physical and Mechanical Properties
C623-21 Standard Test Method for Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by Resonance
C338-93(2019) Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Glass
C598-93(2019) Standard Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of Glass by Beam Bending
C693-93(2019) Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy
C1256-93(2019) Standard Practice for Interpreting Glass Fracture Surface Features
C1350M-96(2019) Standard Test Method for Measurement of Viscosity of Glass Between Softening Point and Annealing Range (Approximately 108 Pa·s to Approximately 1013 Pa·s) by Beam Bending (Metric)
F14-80(2019) Standard Practice for Making and Testing Reference Glass-Metal Bead-Seal
F79-69(2019) Standard Specification for Type 101 Sealing Glass
F144-80(2019) Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Sandwich Seal and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods
F105-72(2019) Standard Specification for Type 58 Borosilicate Sealing Glass
C657-19 Standard Test Method for D-C Volume Resistivity of Glass
F140-98(2020) Standard Practice for Making Reference Glass-Metal Butt Seals and Testing for Expansion Characteristics by Polarimetric Methods
F218-13(2020) Standard Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass
C770-16(2020) Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress—Optical Coefficient
C1426-14(2020) Standard Practices for Verification and Calibration of Polarimeters
C336-71(2020) Standard Test Method for Annealing Point and Strain Point of Glass by Fiber Elongation
C730-98(2021) Standard Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass
C729-11(2022) Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float Comparator
C829-81(2022) Standard Practices for Measurement of Liquidus Temperature of Glass by the Gradient Furnace Method
C1351M-96(2022) Standard Test Method for Measurement of Viscosity of Glass Between 104 Pa·s and 108 Pa·s by Viscous Compression of a Solid Right Cylinder [Metric]
C965-23 Standard Practice for Measuring Viscosity of Glass Above the Softening Point
C158-23 Standard Test Methods for Strength of Glass by Flexure (Determination of Modulus of Rupture)
Physical Properties and Non-Destructive Evaluation
C1678-21 Standard Practice for Fractographic Analysis of Fracture Mirror Sizes in Ceramics and Glasses
C1212-98(2015) Standard Practice for Fabricating Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded Voids (Withdrawn 2018)
C1494-13(2018) Standard Test Methods for Determination of Mass Fraction of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Silicon Nitride Powder
C1070-01(2020) Standard Test Method for Determining Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by Laser Light Scattering
C1470-20 Standard Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Advanced Ceramics
C1274-12(2020) Standard Test Method for Advanced Ceramic Specific Surface Area by Physical Adsorption
C1336-96(2014) Standard Practice for Fabricating Non-Oxide Ceramic Reference Specimens Containing Seeded Inclusions (Withdrawn 2018)
C1175-99a(2010) Standard Guide to Test Methods and Standards for Nondestructive Testing of Advanced Ceramics (Withdrawn 2018)
C1282-08 Standard Test Method for Determining the Particle Size Distribution of Advanced Ceramics by Centrifugal Photosedimentation (Withdrawn 2014)
C1730-17(2022) Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Advanced Ceramics by X-Ray Monitoring of Gravity Sedimentation
Raw Materials
C721-20 Standard Test Methods for Estimating Average Particle Size of Alumina and Silica Powders by Air Permeability
C323-56(2016) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays (Withdrawn 2024)
C322-09(2018) Standard Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
C326-09(2018) Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Shrinkages of Ceramic Whiteware Clays
C689-09(2019) Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Unfired Clays
C837-09(2019) Standard Test Method for Methylene Blue Index of Clay
C925-09(2019) Standard Guide for Precision Electroformed Wet Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
C1182-09(2019) Standard Test Method for Determining the Particle Size Distribution of Alumina by Centrifugal Photosedimentation
C325-07(2022) Standard Guide for Wet Sieve Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Clays
C866-11(2022) Standard Test Method for Filtration Rate of Ceramic Whiteware Clays
C867-94(2022) Standard Test Method for Soluble Sulfate in Ceramic Whiteware Clays (Photometric Method)
C958-92(2022) Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz by X-Ray Monitoring of Gravity Sedimentation
C1069-09(2022) Standard Test Method for Specific Surface Area of Alumina or Quartz by Nitrogen Adsorption
C324-01(2022)e1 Standard Test Method for Free Moisture in Ceramic Whiteware Clays
C371-09(2024) Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
C690-09(2024) Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Alumina or Quartz Powders by Electrical Sensing Zone Technique
