ASTM's forensic science standards present the scientific methodologies employed in the course of forensic investigations, which are carried out in conjunction with criminal or civil legislations. Such investigations include document examination, gunshot residue analysis, psychophysiological detection of deception (polygraph) examinations, ignitable liquid residue extraction, non-volatile memory data collection, writing ink identification, and other practices. These practices involve the use of known laboratory tests such as gas chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and infrared spectroscopy. These forensic science standards are instrumental to forensic scientists and criminal investigators in guiding them with the standard procedures for carryiEg out such examinations.

Forensic Science Standards

ASTM's forensic science standards present the scientific methodologies employed in the course of forensic investigations, which are carried out in conjunction with criminal or civil legislations. Such investigations include document examination, gunshot residue analysis, psychophysiological detection of deception (polygraph) examinations, ignitable liquid residue extraction, non-volatile memory data collection, writing ink identification, and other practices. These practices involve the use of known laboratory tests such as gas chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and infrared spectroscopy. These forensic science standards are instrumental to forensic scientists and criminal investigators in guiding them with the standard procedures for carryiEg out such examinations.

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Criminalistics

E2451-21 Standard Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples

E1588-20 Standard Practice for Gunshot Residue Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry

E1967-19 Standard Test Method for the Automated Determination of Refractive Index of Glass Samples Using the Oil Immersion Method and a Phase Contrast Microscope

E1389-95 Standard Practice for Cleanup of Fire Debris Sample Extracts by Acid Stripping (Withdrawn 2003)

E2328-04 Standard Terminology Relating to Seized-Drug Analysis (Withdrawn 2005)

E3260-21 Standard Guide for Forensic Examination and Comparison of Pressure Sensitive Tapes

E2154-15a Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) (Withdrawn 2024)

E2327-15e1 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of Laboratories Performing Seized-Drug Analysis (Withdrawn 2024)

E2548-16 Standard Guide for Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

E2998-16 Standard Practice for Characterization and Classification of Smokeless Powder

E2926-17 Standard Test Method for Forensic Comparison of Glass Using Micro X-ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) Spectrometry

E3085-17 Standard Guide for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Forensic Tape Examinations

E2329-17 Standard Practice for Identification of Seized Drugs

E2999-17 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Organic Compounds in Smokeless Powder by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

E2808-21a Standard Guide for Microspectrophotometry in Forensic Paint Analysis

E1610-18 Standard Guide for Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison

E2937-18 Standard Guide for Using Infrared Spectroscopy in Forensic Paint Examinations

E2881-18 Standard Test Method for Extraction and Derivatization of Vegetable Oils and Fats from Fire Debris and Liquid Samples with Analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

E2997-16 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Biodiesel Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

E3189-19 Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Static Headspace Concentration onto an Adsorbent Tube

E1413-19 Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration onto an Adsorbent Tube

E2882-19 Standard Guide for Analysis of Clandestine Drug Laboratory Evidence

E1618-19 Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

E1412-19 Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration with Activated Charcoal

E2125-19 Standard Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis for Phencyclidine and Its Analogues

E1969-19 Standard Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis for Methamphetamine and Amphetamine

E1968-19 Standard Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis for Cocaine

E2330-19 Standard Test Method for Determination of Concentrations of Elements in Glass Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Forensic Comparisons

E3233-20 Standard Practice for Forensic Tape Analysis Training Program

E3234-20 Standard Practice for Forensic Paint Analysis Training Program

E2764-11 Standard Practice for Uncertainty Assessment in the Context of Seized-Drug Analysis (Withdrawn 2020)

E3245-20e1 Standard Guide for Systematic Approach to the Extraction, Analysis, and Classification of Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residues in Fire Debris Samples

E1385-00 Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Steam Distillation (Withdrawn 2009)

E2326-14 Standard Practice for Education and Training of Seized-Drug Analysts (Withdrawn 2023)

E1387-01 Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2010)

E3196-21 Standard Terminology Relating to the Examination of Explosives

E3309-21 Standard Guide for Reporting of Forensic Primer Gunshot Residue (pGSR) Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS)

E3253-21 Standard Practice for Establishing an Examination Scheme for Intact Explosives

E3296-22 Standard Guide for Using Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Polymer Examinations

E2809-22 Standard Guide for Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) in Forensic Polymer Examinations

E3316-22 Standard Guide for Forensic Examination of Hair by Microscopy

E3329-21e1 Standard Practice for Establishing an Examination Scheme for Explosive Residues

E2225-23 Standard Guide for Forensic Examination of Fabrics and Cordage

E2228-23a Standard Guide for Microscopical Examination of Textile Fibers

E3254-23 Standard Practice for Use of Color in the Visual Examination and Forensic Comparison of Soil Samples

E2227-23e1 Standard Guide for Forensic Examination of Dyes in Textile Fibers by Thin-Layer Chromatography

E3197-23 Standard Terminology Relating to Examination of Fire Debris

E1386-23 Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction

E3295-23 Standard Guide for Using Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) in Forensic Polymer Examinations

E2224-23ae1 Standard Guide for Forensic Analysis of Fibers by Infrared Spectroscopy

E3175-23 Standard Practice for Training in the Forensic Examination of Hair by Microscopy

E3284-23 Standard Practice for Training in the Forensic Examination of Primer Gunshot Residue (pGSR) Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS)

E3294-23 Standard Guide for Forensic Analysis of Geological Materials by Powder X-Ray Diffraction

E2927-23 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons

E3392-24 Standard Guide for Forensic Physical Fit Examination

E3391-24 Standard Terminology Relating to Gunshot Residue Analysis (GSR)

E1388-24 Standard Practice for Static Headspace Sampling of Vapors from Fire Debris Samples

E3423-24 Standard Guide for Forensic Analysis of Explosives By Polarized Light Microscopy

E3406-24 Standard Guide for Microspectrophotometry in Forensic Fiber Analysis

Digital and Multimedia Evidence

E3235-21 Standard Practice for Latent Print Evidence Imaging Resolution

E3046-15 Standard Guide for Core Competencies for Mobile Phone Forensics (Withdrawn 2024)

E3016-18 Standard Guide for Establishing Confidence in Digital and Multimedia Evidence Forensic Results by Error Mitigation Analysis

E3149-18 Standard Guide for Facial Image Comparison Feature List for Morphological Analysis

E2763-10 Standard Practice for Computer Forensics (Withdrawn 2019)

E2916-19e1 Standard Terminology for Digital and Multimedia Evidence Examination

E3017-19 Standard Practice for Examining Magnetic Card Readers

E2678-09(2014) Standard Guide for Education and Training in Computer Forensics (Withdrawn 2023)

E2825-21 Standard Guide for Forensic Digital Image Processing

E3115-17(2023) Standard Guide for Capturing Facial Images for Use with Facial Recognition Systems

E3148-18(2023) Standard Guide for Postmortem Facial Image Capture

E3150-18(2023) Standard Guide for Forensic Audio Laboratory Setup and Maintenance

Examiner Education and Training

E2000-05 Standard Guide for Minimum Basic Education and Training of Individuals Involved in the Detection of Deception (PDD) (Withdrawn 2014)

E2162-07 Standard Guide for Minimum Continuing Education of Individuals Involved in Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) Testing of Sex Offenders (Withdrawn 2016)

E2163-06(2014) Standard Guide for Minimum Training Requirements for Examiners Conducting Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) Testing of Sex Offenders in Treatment, Probation or Other Similar Programs (Withdrawn 2023)

E2064-00(2014) Standard Guide for Minimum Continuing Education of Individuals Involved in Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) (Withdrawn 2023)

General Practice

E2713-18 Standard Guide to Forensic Engineering

E3176-24 Standard Guide for Forensic Engineering Expert Reports

Industrial Processes

E2292-21 Standard Guide for Field Investigation of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Incidents

Instrumentation

E2439-09(2016) Standard Guide for Instrumentation, Sensors and Operating Software Used in Forensic Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph) Examinations

E2063-12(2017) Standard Practice for Calibration and Functionality Checks Used in Forensic Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph) Examinations

Interdisciplinary Forensic Science Standards

E2123-20 Standard Practice for Preservation of Evidence in Sexual Violence Investigation

E2124-20 Standard Specification for Equipment and Supplies in Sexual Violence Investigations

E1843-20 Standard Guide for Sexual Violence Investigation, Examination, and Evidence Collection Protocol

E620-18 Standard Practice for Reporting Opinions of Scientific or Technical Experts

E3255-21 Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of Forensic Science Service Providers Performing Forensic Chemical Analysis

E1492-11(2017) Standard Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory

E678-07(2013) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Scientific or Technical Data (Withdrawn 2022)

E1020-13e1 Standard Practice for Reporting Incidents that May Involve Criminal or Civil Litigation (Withdrawn 2022)

E2549-14 Standard Practice for Validation of Seized-Drug Analytical Methods (Withdrawn 2023)

E860-22 Standard Practice for Examining and Preparing Items That Are or May Become Involved in Criminal or Civil Litigation

E3272-23 Standard Guide for Collection of Soils and Other Geological Evidence for Criminal Forensic Applications

E2057-23 Standard Specifications for Preparation of Laboratory Analysis Requests in Sexual Violence Investigations

E1188-23 Standard Practice for Collection and Preservation of Information and Physical Items by a Technical Investigator

E2917-24a Standard Practice for Forensic Science Practitioner Training, Continuing Education, and Professional Development Programs

E1459-24 Standard Practice for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related Documentation

Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD)

E2324-04(2017) Standard Guide for PDD Paired Testing

E2062-11(2017) Standard Guide for PDD Examination Standards of Practice

E2386-04(2017) Standard Guide for Conduct of PDD Screening Examinations

E2229-09(2018) Standard Practices for Interpretation of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph) Data

E2080-14 Standard Guide for Clinical Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (PDD) Examinations for Sex Offenders (Withdrawn 2023)

Quality Control

E2031-99(2016) Standard Practice for Quality Control of Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph) Examinations

Research

E1954-05(2017) Standard Practice for Conduct of Research in Psychophysiological Detection of Deception (Polygraph)

Terminology

E2035-12(2024) Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Psychophysiology

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