ASTM's coal and gas standards are instrumental in the testing and chemical analysis of coal, coke, natural gas and other gaseous fuels, as well as the combustion residues of coal and coke. The materials specifically covered by these standards can be in the form of lump coke, pulverized coal, bituminous coal, coke and coal ash, reformed gas, and polishing and etching coal. These standards also include the thermophysical property tables for methane, ethane, propane, normal butane, and isobutane. These standards allow laboratories and other chemical facilities to examine and assess these fuels to ensure safe handling and use.
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Collection and Measurement of Gaseous Samples
D1071-17 Standard Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gaseous Fuel Samples
D5287-08(2015) Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels (Withdrawn 2024)
D5503-94(2008) Standard Practice for Natural Gas Sample-Handling and Conditioning Systems for Pipeline Instrumentation (Withdrawn 2017)
Determination of Heating Value and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
D4891-13(2018) Standard Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas and Flare Gases Range by Stoichiometric Combustion
D1070-03(2017) Standard Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
D1826-94(2017) Standard Test Method for Calorific (Heating) Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Continuous Recording Calorimeter
D8221-23 Standard Practice for Determining the Calculated Methane Number (MNC) of Gaseous Fuels Used in Internal Combustion Engines
D3588-98(2024)e1 Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
D7550-09 Standard Test Method for Determination of Ammonium, Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in Hydrogen and Other Cell Feed Gases by Ion Chromatography (Withdrawn 2017)
D7634-10(2017) Standard Test Method for Visualizing Particulate Sizes and Morphology of Particles Contained in Hydrogen Fuel by Microscopy
D7652-11 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, Methyl Mercaptan, Carbon Disulfide and Total Sulfur in Hydrogen Fuel by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection (Withdrawn 2020)
D7649-19 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Carbon Dioxide, Argon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Water in Hydrogen Fuel by Jet Pulse Injection and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer Analysis (Withdrawn 2023)
D7650-21 Standard Practice for Sampling of Particulate Matter in High Pressure Gaseous Fuels with an In-Stream Filter
D7675-22 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Hydrocarbons in Hydrogen by FID-Based Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Analyzer
D7892-22 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Organic Halides, Total Non-Methane Hydrocarbons, and Formaldehyde in Hydrogen Fuel by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
D7941/D7941M-23 Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Purity Analysis Using a Continuous Wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy Analyzer
D7676-23 Standard Practice for Screening Organic Halides Contained in Hydrogen or Other Gaseous Fuels
D7653-24 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Gaseous Contaminants in Hydrogen Fuel by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
D7651-24e1 Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of Hydrogen Fuel
D7606-24 Standard Practice for Sampling of High Pressure Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases
Major Elements in Ash and Trace Elements of Coal
D6349-21 Standard Test Method for Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Coal, Coke, and Solid Residues from Combustion of Coal and Coke by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D8339-20 Standard Test Method for The Analysis of Flue Gas Desulfurization Solids by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis
D2795-95 Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash (Withdrawn 2001)
D6316-17 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total, Combustible and Carbonate Carbon in Solid Residues from Coal and Coke
D3761-10 Standard Test Method for Total Fluorine in Coal by the Oxygen Bomb Combustion/Ion Selective Electrode Method (Withdrawn 2019)
D8213-18 Standard Test Method for Determination of Boron in Coal
D8247-19 Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Fluorine and Total Chlorine in Coal by Oxidative Pyrohydrolytic Combustion Followed by Ion Chromatography Detection
D5987-96(2015) Standard Test Method for Total Fluorine in Coal and Coke by Pyrohydrolytic Extraction and Ion Selective Electrode or Ion Chromatograph Methods (Withdrawn 2020)
D6722-19 Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues by Direct Combustion Analysis
D4326-21 Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence
D3684-01(2006) Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal by the Oxygen Bomb Combustion/Atomic Absorption Method (Withdrawn 2014)
D3683-11 Standard Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and Coke Ash by Atomic Absorption (Withdrawn 2018)
D1757-03 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Sulfur in Ash from Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2009)
D7348-21 Standard Test Methods for Loss on Ignition (LOI) of Solid Combustion Residues
D4606-21 Standard Test Method for Determination of Arsenic and Selenium in Coal by the Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption Method
D6357-21b Standard Test Methods for Determination of Trace Elements in Coal, Coke, and Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, and Graphite Fur
D3682-21 Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Combustion Residues from Coal Utilization Processes by Atomic Spectrometry
D6414-23 Standard Test Methods for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues by Acid Extraction or Wet Oxidation/Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption
D6721-24 Standard Test Method for Determination of Chlorine in Coal by Oxidative Hydrolysis Microcoulometry
D5016-24 Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Coal and Coke Combustion Residues Using a High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption
Metallurgical Properties of Coal and Coke
D291/D291M-20 Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Crushed Bituminous Coal
D167/D167M-21a Standard Test Method for Apparent and True Specific Gravity and Porosity of Lump Coke
D5341/D5341M-19 Standard Test Method for Measuring Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) and Coke Strength After Reaction (CSR)
D3038-93(2018) Standard Test Method for Drop Shatter Test for Coke
D293/D293M-18 Standard Test Method for the Sieve Analysis of Coke
D2014/D2014M-20 Standard Test Method for Expansion or Contraction of Coal by the Sole-Heated Oven
D5515-22 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Swelling Properties of Bituminous Coal Using a Dilatometer
D5263-23 Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Degree of Oxidation in Bituminous Coal by Alkali Extraction
D3402/D3402M-23 Standard Test Method for Tumbler Test for Coke
D720/D720M-24 Standard Test Method for Free-Swelling Index of Coal
D2639/D2639M-24 Standard Test Method for Plastic Properties of Coal by the Constant-Torque Gieseler Plastometer
Methods of Analysis
D3172-13(2021)e1 Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
D5373-21 Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen in Analysis Samples of Coal and Carbon in Analysis Samples of Coal and Coke
D8010-18 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Soluble Alkali Content in Coal
D3173/D3173M-17a Standard Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D4208-19 Standard Test Method for Total Chlorine in Coal by the Oxygen Vessel Combustion/Ion Selective Electrode Method
D8214-18 Standard Test Method for Forms of Sulfur in Coal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
D5865/D5865M-19 Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
D4239-18e1 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion
D1412/D1412M-20 Standard Test Method for Equilibrium Moisture of Coal at 96 to 97 Percent Relative Humidity and 30 °C
D2961/D2961M-19 Standard Practice for Single-Stage Total Moisture Less than 15 % in Coal Reduced to 2.36 mm [No. 8 Sieve] Topsize
D3177-02(2007) Standard Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2012)
D3175-20 Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3179-02e1 Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2008)
D1756-02(2007) Standard Test Method for Determination as Carbon Dioxide of Carbonate Carbon in Coal (Withdrawn 2013)
D3178-89(2002) Standard Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2007)
D2361-02 Standard Test Method for Chlorine in Coal (Withdrawn 2008)
D5142-09 Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke by Instrumental Procedures (Withdrawn 2010)
D3174-12(2018)e1 Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
D2492-02(2012) Standard Test Method for Forms of Sulfur in Coal (Withdrawn 2021)
D1989-97 Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke by Microprocessor Controlled Isoperibol Calorimeters (Withdrawn 2000)
D3286-96 Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke by the Isoperibol Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn 2000)
D2015-00 Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke by the Adiabatic Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn 2000)
D3302/D3302M-22a Standard Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
D3180-15(2023) Standard Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
D1857/D1857M-24 Standard Test Method for Fusibility of Coal and Coke Ash
D7569/D7569M-24 Standard Practice for Determination of Gas in Coal—Direct Desorption Method
D7582-24 Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis
D3176-24 Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
On-Line/At-Line Analysis of Gaseous Fuels
D7314-21 Standard Practice for Determination of the Heating Value of Gaseous Fuels using Calorimetry and On-line/At-line Sampling
D7164-21 Standard Practice for On-line/At-line Heating Value Determination of Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography
D7607/D7607M-19 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Oxygen in Gaseous Fuels (Electrochemical Sensor Method)
D8000-15(2020) Standard Practice for Flow Conditioning of Natural Gas and Liquids
D7904-21 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Vapor (Moisture Concentration) in Natural Gas by Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLAS)
D7940-21 Standard Practice for Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) by Fiber-Coupled Raman Spectroscopy
D8455-22 Standard Test Method for Speciated Siloxane GC-IMS Analyzer Based On-line for Siloxane and Trimethylsilanol Content of Gaseous Fuels
D7165-22 Standard Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
D8488-22 Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Natural Gas by Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLAS)
D7493-22 Standard Test Method for Online Measurement of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatograph and Electrochemical Detection
D7166-23 Standard Practice for Total Sulfur Analyzer Based On-line/At-line for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
Petrographic Analysis of Coal and Coke
D5671-20 Standard Practice for Polishing and Etching Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light
D2798-21 Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Vitrinite Reflectance of Coal
D2797/D2797M-21a Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light
D5061-19 Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Textural Components of Metallurgical Coke
D2799-23 Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal
D7708-23a Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Reflectance of Vitrinite Dispersed in Sedimentary Rocks
D3997/D3997M-24 Standard Practice for Preparing Coke Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light
Physical Characteristics of Coal
D6542-05(2018)e1 Standard Practice for Tonnage Calculation of Coal in a Stockpile
D6347/D6347M-05(2018) Standard Test Method for Determination of Bulk Density of Coal Using Nuclear Backscatter Depth Density Methods
D6172/D6172M-18 Standard Test Method for Determining the Volume of Bulk Materials Using Contours or Cross Sections Created by Direct Operator Compilation Using Photogrammetric Procedures
D5114/D5114M-90(2018)e1 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Froth Flotation of Coal in a Mechanical Cell
D440-07(2019)e1 Standard Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
D197-19 Standard Test Method for Sampling and Fineness Test of Pulverized Coal
D441-07(2019)e1 Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
D4749/D4749M-87(2019)e1 Standard Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of Coal and Designating Coal Size
D4371/D4371M-06(2019)e1 Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
D8215-21 Standard Practice for Statistical Modeling of Uncertainty in Assessment of In-place Coal Resources
D409/D409M-24 Standard Test Method for Grindability of Coal by the Hardgrove-Machine Method
Sampling
D4915-96 Standard Guide for Manual Sampling of Coal from Tops of Railroad Cars (Withdrawn 2003)
D6315-98e1 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Coal from Tops of Barges (Withdrawn 2003)
D6609-17 Standard Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of Coal
D346/D346M-11(2019)e1 Standard Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
D6518-07 Standard Practice for Bias Testing a Mechanical Coal Sampling System (Withdrawn 2008)
D4916-04 Standard Practice for Mechanical Auger Sampling (Withdrawn 2008)
D4702-07 Standard Practice for Quality Management of Mechanical Coal Sampling Systems (Withdrawn 2008)
D7256/D7256M-08 Standard Practice for Mechanical Collection and Within-System Preparation of a Gross Sample of Coal from Moving Streams (Withdrawn 2008)
D6610-01a Standard Practice for Manual Sampling Coal from Surfaces of a Stockpile (Withdrawn 2003)
D2234/D2234M-20 Standard Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
D2013/D2013M-21 Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
D4596-22 Standard Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in a Mine
D5192/D5192M-22 Standard Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from Core
D6543-20e1 Standard Guide to the Evaluation of Measurements Made by Online Coal Analyzers
D7430/D7430M-22 Standard Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal
D388-23 Standard Classification of Coals by Rank
D6883/D6883M-24 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Stationary Coal from Railroad Cars, Barges, Trucks, or Stockpiles
Statistics
D6796-21e1 Standard Practice for Production of Coal, Coke and Coal Combustion Samples for Interlaboratory Studies
D7448-16 Standard Practice for Establishing the Competence of Laboratories Using ASTM Procedures in the Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke (Withdrawn 2024)
D121-24 Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke
Terminology Classification and Specifications
D4150-23a Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels
Thermophysical Properties
D4362-19 Standard Specification for Propane Thermophysical Property Tables
D4650-19 Standard Specification for Normal Butane Thermophysical Property Tables
D4651-14(2020) Standard Specification for Isobutane Thermophysical Property Tables
D3984-19 Standard Specification for Ethane Thermophysical Property Tables
D4784-23 Standard Specification for Liquefied Natural Gas Density Calculation Models
D3956-23 Standard Specification for Methane Thermophysical Property Tables
D7265-23 Standard Specification for Hydrogen Thermophysical Property Tables
